Mammograms are an important breast cancer screening and diagnostic tool. They use low-dose X-rays, which can show abnormal areas in breast tissue. This screening can help detect symptoms or changes that could indicate breast cancer before you notice symptoms. People should start getting mammograms at age 40, although your age and frequency depend on your risk.
The mammograms allow you to detect benign tumors, breast cancers, and cysts before you detect them by palpation (touch).
While mammography cannot prove that an abnormal area is cancerous, if it raises a significant suspicion of cancer, the tissue will be removed for a biopsy. The tissues may be removed by needle or open surgical biopsy and analyzed under a microscope to detect if they are cancerous.
Mammography is an essential breast screening and medical imaging technique that uses low-dose X-rays to determine breast tissue. This non-invasive procedure helps to detect breast cancer before you have the symptoms. People in their 40s must start getting mammogram tests at 40, although your age and frequency depend on your risk factors.
Let's understand more about the mammography procedure, types, costs, benefits, and more in detail.
What are the Different Types of Mammograms?
Mammograms can be categorized into two main types:
- Screening Mammograms:
- This is done for women who have no signs and symptoms of breast cancer.
- It involves two X-ray images of each breast to catch early signs of cancer or abnormalities.
Regular mammogram screening can help to decrease the number of deaths from breast cancer among women 40 to 77. This is because regular screening allows early treatment before it spreads.
- Diagnostic Mammograms:
- This is done in women who have symptoms such as a lump, breast pain, thickening of the skin of the breast, change in breast size and shape, or nipple discharge.
- Provides a more clear view of the breast tissue and may include additional imaging angles.
Additionally, advanced techniques like 3D mammography (breast tomosynthesis) offer higher accuracy by creating detailed, layered images of the breast tissue.
Who Should Take the Mammogram Testing?
Certain factors can increase the risk of breast cancer. However, mammograms are recommended for:
- Women aged 40 and above for regular screening.
- Women with a family history of breast cancer or ovarian cancer
- Personal history of breast cancer.
- Inherited genetic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2.
- Dense breasts
- Individuals who experience symptoms like lumps, breast pain, or changes in breast size or shape.
- Those with a history of previous breast biopsies or other breast-related conditions.
Generally, people assigned male at birth (AMAB) may have a high risk because of their family history and may also take mammography screening. 1 out of 100 AMAB are at high risk of breast cancer.
At What Age Should You Get a Mammogram?
Your healthcare provider or technologist can perform a breast cancer risk assessment to determine if you're at a higher risk. Consult your doctors about your risk factors and ask when you should start getting annual screening mammograms.
- Annual screening is optional for women aged 40-44 based on individual choice and risk factors.
- For women aged 45-54, annual mammograms are generally recommended.
- Women aged 55 and older: Screening every two years or continuing yearly screenings, depending on personal preference and health status.
How Does a Mammogram Work?
Mammography uses low-dose X-rays to capture detailed images of the breast tissue. The process involves
A mammogram uses an X-ray machine, which is made to detect breast tissue.
Dense tissues, such as tumors or masses, absorb more X-rays and seem white on the image, while fatty tissues absorb fewer X-rays and appear darker. The breast is compressed between two plates to spread the tissue evenly during the procedure. This compression minimizes motion, reduces overlapping of structures, and ensures a clearer view of any abnormalities, all while using a lower radiation dose for safety.
Do Mammograms Hurt?
While discomfort is common due to breast compression, pain varies from person to person. Factors such as breast size, sensitivity, and timing within the menstrual cycle can influence the level of discomfort. Communicating with the technician can help minimize discomfort during the procedure.
What Are Some Common Uses of Mammography?
Mammograms are used for:
- Detecting early signs of breast cancer.
- Evaluating lumps or other symptoms.
- Monitoring changes in breast tissue over time.
- Guiding biopsy procedures when abnormalities are detected.
How Should I Prepare for a Mammogram?
There are a few things you should keep in mind before getting the mammogram-
- Inform your healthcare provider if you are breastfeeding or pregnant
- If you are menstruating, try not to get the test before your period is over, as your breasts may become tender during this time, and you might feel more uncomfortable.
- Avoid deodorants, perfumes, or lotions, as these might interfere with imaging results.
- Wear a two-piece outfit, as you can easily undress from the waist.
- Share details about breast symptoms, surgeries, or implants.
How is the Procedure Performed?
There are a few things to do or keep in mind when scheduling your mammogram, including:
A mammogram involves the following steps:
- You will need to undress yourself from clothing to jewelry above your waist. Your healthcare provider will give you a hospital gown or drape to wear.
- During the mammogram procedure, you will need to stand in front of the machine. The technologist will ask you to place your breast on the support plate.
- Next, they will lower a plastic paddle to compress your breast against the support plate for the imaging process. You might feel little discomfort or pressure during this period of compression. If you cannot tolerate the pressure, let your healthcare provider know, and they may adjust accordingly. The process is repeated for the other breast.
- Once the technologist has completed the images, the procedure will be over. You can then wear your clothes.
- You can resume your daily activities.
What Will I Experience During and After the Procedure?
Here is what might feel during and after the procedure of the mammography-
- During the procedure- You may feel mild discomfort or pressure due to breast compression. The process usually takes 10-15 minutes.
- After the procedure- There may be temporary tenderness, but normal activities can be resumed immediately.
What Does the Mammogram Test Results Indicate?
Once you get your mammogram results, consult it with your doctor. The test results might indicate the presence of breast cancer, benign tumors, or cysts. Mammogram results can be normal or abnormal. The mammogram report shows your breast density and how much fibrous and glandular tissues are present compared to fatty tissues. If you have any questions, you can ask your healthcare provider-
- Normal Results: No signs of abnormalities.
- Abnormal Results: Findings such as lumps, calcifications, or asymmetries may require further evaluation through additional imaging or a biopsy.
- Follow-up- If the mammogram results are abnormal, your doctor may recommend follow-up tests, such as a biopsy or additional imaging. The BI-RADS category in your mammogram report indicates what next steps you should take.
What Are the Benefits vs. Risks associated with Mammography?
Benefits:
- Early detection and treatment of breast cancer may increase the survival rates.
- It is non-invasive and relatively quick.
- High accuracy in identifying abnormalities.
Risks:
- Exposure to low-dose radiation.
- False positives or negatives lead to unnecessary stress or missed diagnoses.
What Are the Limitations of Mammography?
Here are some limitations of the mammography-
- It is less effective for people with dense breast tissue.
- It may not detect all types of breast cancer.
- It can result in overdiagnosis or overtreatment.
Regular screenings empower women to take proactive steps toward early diagnosis and effective treatment.
How Much Does a Mammogram Cost?
The cost of a mammogram may vary depending on the location, laboratory, and type of mammogram. A regular mammogram screening costs INR 1500 to INR 2000, while a digital mammogram costs INR 2000 to INR 8000.
The final words
Mammography is crucial for early detection and prevention of breast cancer, which ultimately can improve results and survival rates. As recommended by doctors, regular screenings empower you to take control of your health and proactively address potential issues.
Continuous technological advancements are making mammogram procedures safer, faster, and more precise, leading to a better overall experience and more accurate results.
Additionally, mammography is crucial for men and women; both are at risk. Take the first step toward protecting yourself and your loved ones by scheduling regular mammograms with Medicentre Labs. Call them to schedule your checkup today!